慈善会定居点

该跨境遗产地包括4个定居点，其中1个位于比利时，3个在荷兰。它们共同见证了19世纪的一场社会改革实验：通过在偏远地区建立农业定居点来缓解城市贫困问题。弗雷德里柯索德（Frederiksoord，荷兰）成立于1818年，是最早的定居点，也是致力于在全国范围内减少贫困的“慈善会”的原总部所在地。该项目的其他遗产点是荷兰的威廉米瑙德（Wilhelminaoord）和芬赫伊曾（Veenhuizen），以及比利时的沃特尔（Wortel）。由于定居点的小型农场收入不足，慈善会转而寻求其他收入来源，与政府签约来安置孤儿，随后又收容乞丐和流浪者，并因此创建了有大型宿舍和集体农场的“强制”定居点（如芬赫伊曾），使他们在警卫的监督下工作。这些定居点被规划成沿垂直道路分布的全景聚落，设有住宅楼、农舍、教堂和其他公共设施。在19世纪中叶的鼎盛时期，荷兰有超过11000人生活在这样的定居点。在比利时，定居点的人数在1910年达到了6000的峰值。

The transnational serial property encompasses four settlements; cultural landscapes with one colony in Belgium and three in The Netherlands. Together they bear witness to a 19th century experiment in social reform, an effort to alleviate urban poverty by establishing agricultural colonies in remote locations. Established in 1818, Frederiksoord (the Netherlands) is the earliest of these colonies and home to the original headquarters of the Society of Benevolence, an association which aimed to reduce poverty at the national level. Other components of the property are the colonies of Wilhelminaoord and Veenhuizen, in the Netherlands, and Wortel in Belgium. As the colonies’ small farms yielded insufficient revenues, the Society of Benevolence sought other sources of revenue, contracting with the State to settle orphans, soon followed by beggars and vagrants, leading to the creation of “unfree” colonies, such as Veenhuizen, with large dormitory type structures and larger centralized farms for them to work under the supervision of guards. The colonies were designed as panoptic settlements along orthogonal lines. They feature residential buildings, farm houses, churches and other communal facilities. At their peak in the mid-19th century, over 11,000 people lived in such colonies in the Netherlands. In Belgium their number peaked at 6,000 in 1910.

文化遗产


国别	荷兰 Netherlands 比利时 Belgium
中文名称	慈善会定居点
英文名称	Colonies of Benevolence
遗产类别	文化遗产
登录年份	2021
选入标准	(ii)(iv)