阿斯兰特佩土丘

阿斯兰特佩土丘是一个30米高的考古遗址，位于幼发拉底河西南12公里处的马拉蒂亚平原。考古证据表明，这里至少在公元前6千年就已成为人类定居点，一直延续到罗马时代晚期。最早期地层属于乌鲁克时代早期，特征是可追溯到公元前4000年上半叶的土坯房。该遗址最显著和繁荣的时期是在铜石并用时代晚期，在此期间宫殿建筑群得以兴建。相当多的证据也展示了青铜时代早期的文明，其中王室陵墓群尤为突出。随后，考古地层延伸到古亚述和赫梯时期，包括新赫梯地层。该遗址展示了近东国家社会的形成过程，以及先于文字出现的复杂官僚体系。在这个遗址还出土了非同寻常的金属物件和武器，其中包括世界上已知的最早的剑，这表明有组织的战斗形式开始成为精英阶层的特权，他们将其作为新政治权力的工具来展示。

Arslantepe Mound is a 30-metre-tall archaeological tell located in the Malatya plain, 12 km south-west of the Euphrates River. Archaeological evidence from the site testifies to its occupation from at least the 6th millennium BCE up until the late Roman period. The earliest layers of the Early Uruk period are characterized by adobe houses from the first half of the 4th millennium BCE. The most prominent and flourishing period of the site was in the Late Chalcolithic period, during which the so-called palace complex was constructed. Considerable evidence also testifies to the Early Bronze Age period, most prominently identified by the Royal Tomb complex. The archaeological stratigraphy then extends to the Paleo-Assyrian and Hittite periods, including Neo-Hittite levels. The site illustrates the processes which led to the emergence of a State society in the Near East and a sophisticated bureaucratic system that predates writing. Exceptional metal objects and weapons have been excavated at the site, among them the earliest swords so far known in the world, which suggests the beginning of forms of organized combat as the prerogative of an elite, who exhibited them as instruments of their new political power.

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